The Croatian Resistance Movement (II)
The following document is undated, but contextual references date it to 1948 at the earliest, and a stamp on the document indicates it had been reviewed by September 18, 1949. It is more or less the type of periodic review of other documents collected by Army intelligence by analysts, in this case concerning the Hrvatski Narodni Otpor, or HNO, its philosophy, its leaders and prominent supporters. This document captures a certain moment in history, however: the period toward the end of the Krizari campaign - former Ustase soldiers sent by Western intelligence agencies as commandos into Yugoslavia; a singularly disastrous operation which resulted, as the end of the document alludes, to the trial and execution of scores of captured insurgents - and the period of America's support to Yugoslavia following the Tito-Stalin break. Paragraph four contains still another damaging admission of American support for the Krizari - namely, that the US Army's Counter-Intelligence Corps (CIC) investigated one of the Krizari's "traitors" - hardly a likely procedure without some breach of operational security, and in this case an alleged source who "not only signed many death sentences but also executed them himself." "Kavran," mentioned in 1(c), is Bozidar Kavran, referenced in another CIA report on the Krizari published here. "Boban," mentioned in 2(a)5 is Rafael Boban, former head of the terroristic Crna Legija or "Black Legion" unit which perpetrated untold atrocities on the civilian population before it was disbanded in 1942. The figure mentioned in 4(b) is certainly Vladko Macek, leader of the Croatian Peasant Party. The "Croatian sculptor" mentioned in 4(c) is probably Ivan Mestrovic. According to the author of Zasto Jasenovac, Dr. Marko Rucnov, the chief of police in the town of Varazdin (referenced, but censored, in paragraph three) was Krunoslav Batusic, a commander in Vladko Macek's bodyguards before the war. First stationed as chief of police in Bihac, Bastusic worked in close collaboration with Luburic, sending many civilians to Jasenovac. According to Dr. Rucnov, the same Batusic later became leader of the extremist emigre organization Hrvatska Odbrana (Croatian Defense), providing yet another link between the Ustase, the Krizari, and the tiny extremist wing of the Croatian emigre community. Many thanks to Dr. Rucnov for his assistance.

 

SUBJECT: The Croatian Resistance Movement

 

1. The Croatian Resistance "HRVATSKI NARODNI OTBOR" (HNO) / is a Secret Organization which is limited to members of the Emigration as the connections to their country are only loose ones. Its direction was in SALZBURG, Austria, until late summer 1948 (Proceedings in AGRAM). Its chief leaders were:

a. Ex-Minister [censored]
b. [censored]
c. KAVRAN (executed in the meantime)
d. DR. SAPOLIC (executed in the meantime)
e. TOMJENOVIC (executed in the meantime)
f. Ex-Minister [censored]

[[censored] had an office in SALZBURG. [censored] [Krunoslav Batusic -Ed.] the former chief of police of VARAZDIN, was his closest collaborator. One night in July 1948 [censored] was kidnapped and disappeared without leaving any traces. [censored] got the aggressors to escape and they took [censored] then succeeded in escaping. At present he is living near the German-Austrian border using several names. His former code-name in Austria was [censored].

The leaders of HNO say that [censored] was a traitor. Investigations made by CIC and the Austrian Police resulted in some incriminating facts. The family of [censored] stayed in Yugoslavia which could have been a threat. On the other hand [censored] was a severe combatant against the partisans during his period in office as the chief of police. He not only signed many death sentences but also executed them himself.

Simultaneously with the abduction of [censored] the arrest of members of HNO who had gone to Yugoslavia to strengthen and support resistance groups there, became known. The Yugoslavian press explained in detail and propagandistically evaluated the proceedings against more than 90 Ustaschi who were once in leading positions and the death sentence against more than 40 persons.

 

2. a. Generals with known code-names as mentioned in identity request No. 34 are not known here.

(1) [censored]
(2) [censored]
(3) [censored]

Generals mentioned who are known:

(4) BOBAN
(5) [censored]

At the time of the collapse both were colonels. [censored] was commanding an Ustascha Unit in the area of SARAJEVO. His present residence is not known.

BOBAN is considered to be the most capable high ranking Ustascha officer. Prominent circles of the HNO say that BOBAN is now staying in the mountains but is refusing any contact with the emigration. Until now people were of the opinion that BOBAN had died during the war. Information received from a third source says that BOBAN, wounded at the beginning of 1948, was captured and executed.

b. [censored] charged [censored] with the organization of the whole of the Croatian Resistance Movement in case Yugoslavia was occupied. [censored] cooperated with German authorities. He allegedly was wounded and escaped to Hungarian territory (he speaks Hungarian well) and has since disappeared. According to recent information (19 Nov 1948) [censored] sent news from France where he is said to be active. This is all that is known about him.

c. Code-names mentioned and the persons' correct names are known as follows:

(1) ZMAJ OD BOZNE (Dragon of Bosnia)
(2) ZRINSKI (Historical figure of Croatia)
(3) MATIJA GUBEC (Historical figure of Croatia)

Ad (1): Josip TOMJENOVIC had the code-name ZMAJ OD BOZNE. He was military attache of HNO for the Croatian Territory. Until he became active he lived mostly in Italy. Shortly after crossing the Austrian-Yugoslavian border he was arrested. At the proceedings in AGRAM he was sentenced to death and hanged (according to Yugoslavian press information).

Ad (2): The person bearing the code-name ZRINSKI is not known.

Ad (3): Dr. Vladimir SABOLIC had the code-name MATIJA GUBEC. Dr. SABOLIC was charged by the NHO [sic] with the direction of Civil Affairs (Interior). He was also hanged.

 

3. The following is known about other persons mentioned in the report attached to identity request No. 34:

a. The leader of the German group is [censored]
b. The General Secretary of the German group is the former Major Geza von ALTMANN, who is not living near Munich but in Austria (ATTERSEE/SALKAMMERGUT). He is known under the code-name KOVACS (not identical with our members bearing this name).
c. It is likely that AGALITSCH is identical with Tahir ALAGIC recently hanged in AGRAM. Some months ago he went with one of the groups to Yugoslavia, was captured and sentenced to death. ALAGIC was originally from Bosnia. He is a member of the Military Sub-Committee of HNO.
d. [censored] is not known.

 

4. The situation of the Croatian Emigration is about as follows:

a. The emigration based everything on the election of DEWEY as they had best relations to Republican Councillors. Before the elections the Croatian Emigration submitted a memorandum to DEWEY who promised assistance. After the election of TRUMAN the Croatians tried to extend their Democratic relations. It must be considered that the Croatians in the USA who are united in the BRATSKA ZAJEDNICA (Brotherly Communion) are mostly for TITO and their leaders are adherents of TITO (communists).

b. The leader of the New Emigration is the HSS leader, [censored] [Vladko Macek -Ed.] now living in Washington. (HSS - HRVATSKA SELJACKA STRANKA - Croatian Farmer's Party). HNO recognized him but is watching him distrustfully as he has not given an explanations regarding an independent Croatia (the aim of HNO) but is leading negotiations on the grounds of a federal Yugoslavia. [censored] who is probably living in Argentine [handwritten note in margin: "or Rome?"] keeps away from politics. HNO is, however, in contact with him. A strong group of Croatians in Argentine is being led by the former ambassador, [censored], who has good relations to the Foreign Ministry of Argentine and to PERON. [censored] maintains contact with the HNO.

c. They are striving to gather all emigrants in a Main Organization "UJEDINJENI HRVATI" (United Croatians). It is intended to elect [censored] president in case he resigns his office as HSS party leader and recognizes the "UJEDINJENI HRVATI" as the sole Organization. Their country shall decide upon the form of State when the time has come. In case [censored] is not accepted they intend to ask the famous Croatian sculptor [censored] (USA) [probably Ivan Mestrovic -Ed.]. The second man in charge of HSS is [censored] now living in London and supporting these movements. He is for an independent Croatia.

d. USA politics regarding the present Yugoslavia are considered most distrustfully. One supposes that information received in respect to negotiations USA - TITO and ENGLAND is true. It is learned from explanations of different Croatian Emigration leaders that one is reckoning with de GAULLE and this is very promising for an independent Croatia. [censored] activities in France confirm the supposition that the Croatians, as well as other emigrant's Nations from the Balkans, try to find support in France where they may reckon with strong political assistance.

e. From a military point of view, representatives of the Croatians concerned are trying to find support with all Western Powers. The Croatian colonel, [censored] in SALZBURG, chief of the Military Sub-Committee of HNO, is in contact with the Americans.

GENERAL PERICIC, who was against the action of HNO that led to the more than 40 death sentences, is living in KAERNTEN. He was negotiating with the British without any success. He only intends to be active when solid ground for the cooperation with one of the Western Powers has been created.

 

5. This matter is considered as being concluded.

 

:: filing information ::
Title: Croatian Resistance Movement (II)
Source: CIA, declassified January 16, 2003
Date: c. 1948 Added: October 15, 2003