In relation to the role that the Catholic Church played during the existence of the horror regime of the "Independent Croat State", [Dr. Zvi] Rotem comes to the conclusion that it didn't withstand the test of times, neither in relation to minorities (Jews, Serbs and Gypsies) nor toward the clergy itself, when it became known to them that the priests themselves are actually participating in the bloody extermination work. Also even the Jews who were converted remained defenseless. Rotem explains that the senior and favoured position that the clergy enjoyed during the "Independent Croat State" was exploited by the Church to fight against the Orthodox Church "while shedding a lot of blood". This process also brought to the regeneration of the fanatic religious anti-Semitism and its war against Serbs and Jews became a common slogan openly pronounced.

Rotem mentions the good relations which existed between the Vatican and the "Croat Independent State", connections which were "a sweet and stabilizing factor concerning the Ustashi regime... this regime really enjoyed the visible and covert support of the Vatican." These and more: There were no steps taken not even in the inner jurisdictional Church, not during the war and not after the war, against the clergy people who committed cruel crimes... The supreme moral institute of the Catholic Church expressed itself less than all the others - and did even less than that - in the question of punishing the war criminals.

Yakir Eventov describes briefly the Jewish way of life in Bosnia at the beginning of the 20th century, and Yaakov Maestro reviews the history of the Jews in Sarajevo between the two world wars. The Jews in Sarajevo were divided into two communities Spharadim and Ashkenazim. The detailed review of the Jewish institutes in Sarajevo and their extensive activities in many fields indicate clearly that in this community existed strong solidarity and much concern for the weak and poor, but from this magnificent community, that was destroyed during World War Two with one sweep by the Nazis and Ustashis, were left at the end of August 1942 about one hundred Jews only. "The situation was like that until May 1945, when the city was liberated," concludes Maestro.